Police nab man for stealing N21 million from Catholic Church

The police in Lagos on Tuesday arraigned a 37-year-old man, Nwafor Onyebuchi, before a magistrates’ court in Badagry for allegedly stealing N21 million from a Catholic church.

Mr Onyebuchi is facing a three-count charge of stealing, breach of public peace and conspiracy.

He pleaded not guilty to the charges.

The prosecutor, Insp Ayodele Adeosun, told the court that the defendant committed the offences on December 21, 2022, at Saint Patrick Catholic Church, Alaba, in the Ojo area of Lagos.

Mr Adeosun said the defendant allegedly stole the money meant for the church development.

He said the defendant converted the money to his personal use.

The prosecutor said the defendant also conducted himself in a manner likely to breach the peace by stealing from the church.

He said the offences contravened sections 287, 168 and 307 of the Criminal Law of Lagos State, 2015.

The magistrate, T. A Popoola, granted the defendant a N1 million bail with two sureties in like sum.

Mr Popoola ordered that one of the sureties must be related to the defendant, while both sureties should show evidence of three years’ tax payment to the Lagos State government.

He adjourned the case until June 5 for mention.

Two unemployed men in court for wire theft

On Monday, two unemployed men, Michael Adebayo and Chiemere Ejezie, were brought before the Ejigbo Magistrates’ Court for allegedly stealing an electric wire worth N10 million.

The defendants, Messrs Adebayo, 20 and Ejezie, 27, whose residential addresses were not provided, are standing trial on a two-count charge of conspiracy and stealing preferred against them by the police.

The prosecutor, ASP Benedict Aigbokhan, told the court that the defendants committed the offences on April 8, at 12:30 p.m., at Fairview Estate, Hotel bus stop, Igando, Lagos.

According to him, the defendants conspired with others still at large and stole electric wires valued at N10 million, which belonged to one Eyo Asuau.

The prosecutor said the offences contravened sections 287 and 411 of the Criminal Law of Lagos State, 2015.Section 287 provides three years’ imprisonment while section 411 provides two years’ imprisonment for such offenders.

The defendants pleaded not guilty to the charge.

The magistrate, K. Ariyo, granted the duo N500,000 bail each with two sureties each in like sum.

She ordered that sureties must be gainfully employed and must show evidence of tax payments to the Lagos State government.

She adjourned the case until May 5 for mention.

Ebonyi court rejects bail application of politician over attempted murder

A magistrate court in Abakaliki has refused to grant the bail application filed by Chukwuma John, a politician charged with alleged possession of a firearm and attempted murder.

Mr John is charged with attempted murder, conspiracy, unlawful firearm possession, and intimidation with a weapon.

The prosecuting counsel, Bassy Okon, told the court that the defendant, a native of the Okposi community, committed the offence on March 2 in Okposi-Okwu, Ohaozara council area of Ebonyi.

Magistrate Ojemba Isu held that the court did not grant the bail request for want in jurisdiction.Mr Isu adjourned the matter until May 3 for further hearing.

Justus Unigwe, the defence counsel, said he was not disturbed by the rejection of the bail.

“Based on the kind of charge brought against my client, this court lack jurisdiction to grant him bail.

You know, this is a magistrate court, though, in some circumstances, the court is empowered to grant bail, but when the charges are mixed up with more difficult charges, the best option is to seek relief in the high court, which is what we are going to do and my client will be free,” Mr Unigwe added.

Mr John pleaded not guilty, insisting that he was arrested and tortured over what he knew nothing about.

“My hands are clean. I know nothing of what I am being accused of. Please allow me to go and attend to my family because my pregnant wife’s delivery date is fast approaching,” he told the court.

Court orders forfeiture of N725m, Banana Island asset linked to ex-NIMASA chief Akpobolokemi

The Federal High Court in Lagos has granted an order for interim forfeiture of N725 million and other landed properties allegedly linked to Patrick Akpobolokemi, a former Director-General of the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency, NIMASA.

The property is situated at Plot J 37A 218 Close, 2nd Avenue, Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos state.

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) said in a statement that Mr Akpobolokemi acquired the properties with proceeds of unlawful activity.

The judge, Tijani Ringim, issued the order following interim forfeiture of the properties following an ex parte application by the EFCC’s lawyer, Bilikisu Buhari, on Monday.

The commission’s spokesperson, Wilson Uwujaren, who disclosed this in a statement, said the EFCC counsel further prayed for an order directing the EFCC to publish the interim Order in a national newspaper to enable anyone interested in the properties sought to be forfeited to appear before the court to show cause, within 14 days.

“Why the final order of forfeiture of the said properties should not be made in favour of the Federal Government of Nigeria”, the lawyer was quoted to have said in the statement.

Mr Ringim, in granting the application, held that “I find merit in this statutory application and same is granted as prayed.

50-year-old Oyo man arraigned in court for allegedly defiling his seven-year-old daughter in Oyo

The police in Oyo state have arraigned a 50-year-old man identified as Gboyega Lasisi, before an Oyo State Family Court 2, sitting at Iyaganku, Ibadan, the state capital for allegedly having canal knowledge of his seven-year-old daughter.

The state police command charged Lasisi with a count charge of defilement.

During his arraignment, the prosecution counsel, Inspector Folake Ewe, told the court that the defendant on March 22, had unlawful sexual intercourse with his seven-year-old daughter.

The police prosecutor said the offense was committed in the Aro area, Ilora, in the Afijio Local Government area of the state.

According to her, the offence contravenes Section 34 of the Oyo State Child Rights Law, 2006. The Magistrate, Mrs P.O. Adetuyibi, who did not take the defendant’s plea due to want of jurisdiction, ordered that he be remanded in Abolongo Correctional Facility in Oyo town.

Adetuyibi said the defendant would remain in the correction facility pending legal advice from the state Directorate of Public Prosecution.

She, thereafter, adjourned the matter till July 6 for mention.

Ogun truck driver in court for killing three

The Ogun State Police Command on Friday arraigned a hit-and-run truck driver, Olatoyosi Abiodun, before an Isabo Magistrate’s Court for allegedly killing three persons in Abeokuta, the state capital.

The state Police Public Relations Officer, SP Abimbola Oyeyemi, in a statement on Friday, said the victims were in their house beside the road in Enugada, when they were crushed to death.

Oyeyemi said the driver fled the scene immediately after seeing the crash.

He said the driver was later arrested and charged with six counts of dangerous driving, causing the death of three persons, causing damage to three other vehicles, among others.

The police spokesman said;

“The driver, Olatoyosi Abiodun, who drove a Mack tanker with registration number, Lagos T 1532 LA, on March 24, 2023, lost control of the truck and rammed into a dwelling house after crushing three other vehicles and subsequently caused the death of three occupants of the house.

“The driver escaped from the scene, but was later traced to Ibadan, where he was arrested on March 27, 2023, and subsequently arraigned before the court on six counts.”

The PPRO, however, said the state Commissioner of Police, Frank Mba, had warned drivers, especially those driving articulated vehicles, to always ensure that their vehicles were roadworthy before putting them on the road.

Ogun Police arrests singer Portable after 72-hour ultimatum elapsed

The Ogun State Police Command has arrested singer, Habeeb Okikiola, popularly known as Portable, after he refused to honour the police invitation.

The Zazoo crooner was arrested on Friday, March 31, after the 72-hour ultimatum given to him by the Ogun State police command expired.

Recall that on Tuesday, March 28, videos of Portable resisting arrest and verbally abusing police officers went viral.

The police then gave him a 72-hour ultimatum to report himself to the nearest police station or be arrested by Friday.

He was arrested after the time given elapsed.

Speaking on the development, the Ogun State Police Public Relations Officer, Abimbola Oyeyemi, confirmed that the singer has been arrested and currently cooling his feet at the state headquarters of the police in Eleweran, Abeokuta.

Mr Oyeyemi further said the Zazu crooner was arrested after refusing five invitations.

It was also gathered that the singer will remain in police custody till Monday, April 3, when he will be charged in court.

Supreme Court dismisses ex-minister’s suit against Tinubu, Atiku

The Supreme Court on Thursday dismissed an appeal filed by a former junior education minister Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba, seeking the disqualification of Bola Tinubu of the APC and Atiku Abubakar of the PDP as presidential candidates of their political parties.

The apex court threw out the suit on the grounds that it was statute-barred, having no life to support it and legs to stand upon.

Justice Inyang Okoro, who presided over a five-member panel of justices of the court, dismissed the appeal after the former minister withdrew his case when informed that the case was filed outside the time prescribed by law.

Mr Nwajiuba and a civil group, the Rights for All International, a non-governmental organisation, had asked the Supreme Court to cancel the processes that produced Messrs Tinubu and Abubakar as candidates of their political parties.

He had lost at the Abuja Division of the Federal High Court and the Court of Appeal on the same ground that his case lacked merit that could make the court look into it.

Court Remands Agba Jalingo In Jail For Cybercrime

Agba Jalingo, a Nigerian journalist on trial for treason, has been remanded in Kuje prison from Monday till Thursday.

A judge in the Federal High Court in Abuja, Justice Zainab Bage Abubakar remanded journalist Agba Jalingo to Kuje prison for cybercrime.

According to Politics Nigeria, Justice Abubakar allegedly denied Jalingo’s lawyers the opportunity to move a motion for bail after he was arraigned for cyberstalking.

Jalingo was accused of defaming Elizabeth Ayade, the wife of Frank Ayade, who is a brother of Cross River State Governor, Ben Ayade. He was remanded to Kuje prison until Thursday.

Jalingo, the publisher of CrossRiverWatch, was arrested on August 22, 2019, over a report alleging that Cross River State governor, Ben Ayade, diverted N500 million belonging to the state.

Labour Party, PDP file petition against APC’s Oluranti-Adebule and INEC

The PDP and its candidate for Lagos West senatorial district, Sunday Adewale (alias Aeroland), have filed a petition against former Deputy Governor Idiat Oluranti-Adebule, over alleged non-qualification to contest the senatorial election.

The petitions were pasted on the wall of the Rosaline Omotosho Courthouse, Ikeja, the venue of the elections petitions tribunal.

Mr Adewale, in the petition, marked EPT/LAG/SEN/04/2023 and dated March 18, filed against Ms Oluranti-Adebule, the All Progressives Congress (APC) and INEC as first to third respondents, alleged that she was not qualified to contest the election.

He said the former deputy governor was not qualified to contest at the time of the election and was not duly elected by the majority of lawful votes.

The PDP flag bearer stated that Ms Oluranti-Adebule did not possess the educational qualification to contest the Lagos West senatorial district election held on February 25.

The petitioners also alleged that the third respondent (INEC) did not comply with the provisions of the Electoral Act 2022 in the conduct of the election.

Mr Adewale and PDP said in the form requiring Ms Oluranti-Adebule to state the schools she attended, with dates, the APC standard-bearer only indicated she graduated in 1982 without stating the primary school attended.

Also, Moshood Salvador and the Labour Party are challenging the declaration of Ms Oluranti-Adebule as the election winner.

The petitioners alleged multiple thumbprinting and ballot stuffing during and after the election.In the petition marked EPT/LAG/ SEN/01/2023, Mr Salvador alleged that the election was marred by violence, intimidation, fracas, threat, ballot box snatching, over-voting, and mutilation of results from polling units.

Mr Salvador added that the second and third respondents engaged in multiple thumbprinting and ballot stuffing during and after the election.

He explained that the entirety of the Lagos Central senatorial district election was invalid because of substantial non-compliance with the provisions of the Electoral Act, 2022, INEC Electoral Guidelines and the 1999 Constitution.

The Labour Party candidate added that the first respondent failed to comply with the provisions of the Electoral Act, 2022 and Electoral Guidelines during the election, claiming there was no due accreditation of voters.

He also said the election result was not electronically transmitted through the BVAS machine.

INEC violated margin of lead principle to declare Tinubu president-elect, Atiku tells court

Presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Atiku Abubakar, has urged the election petition tribunal to upturn the results declared by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).

Mr Atiku is invoking the margin of lead principle to assert that INEC’s hasty announcement of President-elect Bola Tinubu as the winner of the February 25 presidential poll is unconstitutional and without due process.

Per the principle, when the margin of lead between the winner and the runner-up is less than the total number of voters affected by cancellations in their different polling units, the election is declared inconclusive and a re-run is organized.

“The Petitioners further contend that the votes ascribed to the 2nd Respondent by the 1st Respondent in the final declaration made is 8,794,726 while the votes credited to the Petitioners is 6,984,520 resulting in a margin of lead of 1,810,206 votes.

“The Petitioners state that the Permanent Voters Cards (PVCs) collected in the polling units where elections were cancelled and did not hold across the Country is over and above 1,810,206 which is the margin of lead between the 1st Petitioner and the 2nd Respondent, and in consequence, the return of the 2nd Respondent was hasty, premature and wrongful.”

The Petitioners hereby plead Form EC8B series, that is, the Ward Collated Results, and the records of the Permanent Voters Cards PVCS collected in the respective polling units where elections were not held or were cancelled,” court documents detailing Mr Atiku’s argument read.

Prominent lawyers have described the days ahead for the tribunal as interesting based on the petitions being filed by several discontented political parties.

It is unclear whether the public can expect an upturn of Mr Tinubu’s widely criticised win, however, the margin of lead argument poses a threat to his camp.

The principle was repeatedly invoked in the just-concluded gubernatorial election when elections for Kebbi and Adamawa states were declared inconclusive.

With publicly available facts, Mr Tinubu’s hope of running is four-year term will hang on the election tribunal’s interpretation of several sections of the constitution and electoral statutes.

Hoodlums set court ablaze in Ebonyi

Hoodlums suspected to be political thugs have set ablaze a state high court in Owutu-Edda, Afikpo South local government area of Ebonyi.

Oluchi Uduma, the court’s registrar, confirmed the incident to journalists in Owutu-Edda on Tuesday.

She said the hoodlums invaded the court on Tuesday and set the building ablaze.Ms Uduma explained that the court building, documents and other valuables were completely burnt.

The Afikpo South local government’s chairman, Chima Nkama, also confirmed the incident, adding that the matter was reported to the police.

I’m happy Bola Tinubu’s drug dealing in Chicago will take centre stage before Nigeria’s Supreme Court- Festus Keyamo

Festus Keyamo, a spokesperson for the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC) Presidential Campaign Council, says he is happy President-elect Bola Tinubu’s drug-related case in the United States would be heard in Nigeria’s court.

In a tweet he posted on Monday via his verified account, Mr Keyamo stated that the hearing would set aside the difference between dispassionate adjudication of issues and stop the propaganda against Mr Tinubu’s shady past.

Mr Keyamo said he was confident that the court would favour Mr Tinubu.

“I am excited about the issues raised in those election petitions. All the deceit and lies and disinformation and misinformation about otherwise very simple and clear issues are about to be busted by our Law Lords. Whoever continues to argue after that should relocate to another planet,” stated Mr Keyamo.

The APC campaign spokesman added, “Nigerians will finally see the huge difference between calm, dispassionate adjudication of issues and all the hoopla caused by garrulous spokespersons shaking and falling on stage. Ignorant TV hosts turned debaters, misinformed documentaries, illiterate tweeps and some dancing Hijabi mamas.”

Last November, Mr Keyamo claimed that Mr Tinubu, the party’s flag bearer, only shared a “block of flats” with notorious cocaine dealers in Chicago, pushing back after the release of court documents that suggested Mr Tinubu’s ties to illicit drug business and money laundering in the United States.

“What happened was that Asiwaju (Bola Tinubu) went to open an account. The address which he used in opening the account was the address used by these people…(sic). I think some blocks of flats. Maybe, he happened to be in that block of flats too,” Mr Keyamo had said to defend his principal.

“So, they now link it that the other people they were investigating for narcotics are in the same address used by Asiwaju to open

Certified copies of the 1993 case recently released by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois was published.

The documents confirmed that the U.S. government had in July 1993 sought forfeiture of proceeds of narcotics Mr Tinubu was accused of laundering.

The matter was resolved in a compromise between the Tinubus and the U.S. authorities, with the Tinubus being asked to keep the money in the Heritage Bank account while the $460,000 in the Citibank account was forfeited.

Father remanded in prison for r@ping his 18-year-old daughter inside his shop

A 36-year-old man identified as Roland Okajere has been remanded in Kirikiri Correctional Centre by an Ikeja Magistrate’s Court sitting at Ogba, Lagos State, for allegedly r@ping his 18-year-old daughter inside his shop in the Ikotun area of the state.

Okajere who was arraigned on Monday, March 13, on a charge bordering on rape, was accused of committing the offence on January 4, 2023.

Police prosecutor, Inspector Esther Igbineweka told the court that the offence committed is punishable under Section 260 of the Criminal Law of Lagos State, 2015.

The charge sheet read;

“That you, Roland Okajere, on January 4, 2023, at your shop at Ikotun Bus Stop, Lagos State, in the Lagos Magisterial District, did rape your daughter, 18, by having sexual intercourse with her without her consent and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 260 of the Criminal Law of Lagos State, 2015.”

The Magistrate, Mr L. A Owolabi did not take the defendant’s plea. He ordered that the defendant be remanded for 30 days pending the receipt of advice from the Director of Public Prosecution.

The case was adjourned till April 12, 2023, for mention.

Bola Tinubu as President-elect stand, anyone who is aggrieved should proceed to court – President Buhari

President Buhari has said that the declaration of APC Presidential candidate, Bola Tinubu as President-elect stands and that anyone who is aggrieved with the outcome of the February 25, 2023 Presidential election, should proceed to the court, if they have the locus to do so. 

Senior Special Assistant to the President on Media and Publicity, Garba Shehu, in a statement issued on Thursday, March 9,  titled “At the 5th United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries, LDCs”, disclosed that President Buhari is against any plans to annul the elections which many have said was characterized by irregularities. 

According to Garba, President Buhari has said that he will not allow June 12, 1993, saga to repeat itself.

He pointed out that before the President’s trip to Doha for the UN Conference, there were calls for the cancellation of the elections but that he had always maintained that the outcome of the election will be accepted by his government and must stand. 

“In addition to other things, this trip, more than any other, speaks to the courage, political stamina and statesmanship with which the President has managed the affairs of the nation.

Before the trip, he was faced with orchestrated attempts to poison public opinion against national institutions, particularly the presidential election and its conduct by the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, as an institution, against which vile and unsubstantiated allegations were hurled.

The clear intent of this was creating an atmosphere of fear, polarising the public and demonising the administration of the President.

The wishful thinkers appeared to assume that the June 12, 1993, election crisis, the worst ever since the civil war could be recreated.

Those who sought to do this forgot what the President said at the palace of the Gbong-Gwon Jos, when he went to the city to inaugurate the Tinubu-Shettima campaign:  “this election will not be annulled; whoever is the winner will be president.

President Buhari not only muted himself, following the cacophony, he picked up international travel: Bola Tinubu’s election stands. If you are aggrieved, go to court.”

Abuja woman arraigned in court for allegedly defaming Akwa Ibom Governor

A 37-year-old woman, Blessing Edet, has been arraigned before Justice Ahmed Mohammed of the Federal High Court in Abuja, for allegedly defaming the Akwa Ibom State Governor, Udom Emmanuel.

Edet pleaded not guilty to the six-count charge slammed against her by the Nigerian Police.

The charge read;

“That you, Blessing Edet, 37, of No. 18 Buchanan Crescent Wuse II, Abuja, on or before April 11, 2020, sent messages or other matter with the captioned ‘names of married women/politicians’ wives sleeping with Gov. Emmanuel loading through your Facebook page.”

She was also accused of sending a message with the caption

“So, we are going dirty. It’s time to break the final table, stay tuned,” through her Facebook page.

It was further alleged that she wrote on Facebook

“Honourable Commissioner for Women Affairs and Agriculture, Dr Glory Edet, was the actual First Lady of Akwa Ibom, who has overthrown the real wife of the governor.”

Justice Mohammed who presided over the case, granted Edet bail in the sum of N500,000 with a surety in the like sum.

The surety should be a civil servant or somebody with a reasonable means of income.

Edet was also asked to deposit her passport with the court registry. Failure to meet the terms will lead to her being remanded at Suleja Correctional Centre pending the fulfilment of the bail conditions.

The judge then adjourned the matter till May 10 for trial.

Police to arraign five persons for electoral offences in Lagos

The police command in Lagos State says five out of 23 persons arrested during the presidential and parliamentary elections would be arraigned for electoral offences.

The command’s spokesman, Benjamin Hundeyin, confirmed this to journalists on Monday.

He said the investigation of the arrested 23 persons revealed that only five have cases to answer in court for allegedly disrupting the electoral process on February 25.

“Out of 23 persons arrested during presidential and parliamentary elections, five of them will be charged to court any moment from now for disrupting the electoral process.

“Their investigations have been concluded. The rest are just victims of circumstances,” he said.

The Commissioner of Police in Lagos, Idowu Owohunwa, on Monday, assured residents of Lagos that those arrested and culpable for electoral crimes on February 25 would be charged to court this week.

Mr Owohunwa gave the assurance in a stakeholders’ meeting to review the security of the presidential and parliamentary elections.

Some stakeholders have demanded the immediate prosecution of electoral offenders to serve as a deterrent to others in coming elections.

Police nab man for stealing neighbour’s goats

On Thursday, a 30-year-old man, Waziri Yusuf, who allegedly stole his neighbour’s two goats, was docked in a Kaduna Chief Magistrates’ Court on Thursday.

Mr Yusuf was charged with conspiracy and theft.Prosecution counsel Chidi Leo told the court that the case was reported on February 11 at the Gabasawa Police station by Sani Jibrin, the complainant.

The prosecutor said the defendant and two others, now at large, trespassed into the complainant’s house and stole two goats worth N45,000.

Mr Leo explained that the defendant was arrested after the owner of the stolen goats caught him in the act and raised the alarm, adding that the defendant was caught and handed to the police while the two others ran away.

The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges.

Magistrate Ibrahim Emmanuel admitted the defendant to bail in N50,000 with one surety each.

He ordered that the surety be the defendant’s relation and gainfully employed.

The magistrate adjourned the matter until March 28 for a hearing.

Atiku rejects presidential election results, calls Tinubu drug baron

Atiku Abubakar, the presidential candidate of the opposition Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), has rejected Saturday’s presidential election results, saying the exercise was the “worst in the history of the country.”

Mr Abubakar, who addressed journalists in Abuja Thursday evening, revealed that the outcome of the election, which favoured Bola Tinubu of the All Progressives Congress (APC), would be challenged in court.

“I have come to the conclusion that the process of the election was grossly manipulated…it is the worst in the history of our country’s democracy and the results must be challenged in court,” Mr Abubakar declared.

Mr Abubakar’s address comes a few hours after Peter Obi, the candidate of the Labour Party (LP), also rejected the weekend exercise.

Mr Obi specifically said that the election exercise was “marred with irregularities”, stressing that he won the presidential election and would provide the evidence for Nigerians to see.

“We won the election, and we will prove it to Nigerians,” Mr Obi told reporters during a world press conference held in Abuja.

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) had on Wednesday, declared Mr Tinubu the winner of Saturday’s presidential election after he polled 8,794,726 votes to defeat Mr Abubakar.

Mr Abubakar scored 6,984,520 votes to come second, while Mr Obi came third after polling 6,101,533 votes.

INEC Chairman, Mahmood Yakubu, also subsequently issued Mr Tinubu a “Certificate of Return” the same day.

Naira Scarcity- Nigerians attacking banks will be treated as armed robbers, police warn

The Nigeria Police Force has warned that citizens caught attacking banks in protest against cash scarcity will be treated as armed robbers.

Force Spokesman Olumuyiwa Adejobi said this in a video posted on the NPF’s Facebook page Friday.

“We complain banks don’t attend to us yet we go to their facilities and set them ablaze, destroy ATMs. How do you want them to serve you better if you have destroyed their facilities?” Mr Adejobi said.

“I think we need to educate ourselves on what the law says about this. You don’t go to any bank, ATM, or financial institution to attack. It is criminal and tantamount to armed robbery. If you are caught in the act, you will be treated as an armed robber.”

The police warning comes as angry citizens across many major Nigerian cities attack banks in protest against naira scarcity in the country.

In October 2022, the Buhari regime through the Central Bank Governor Godwin Emefiele announced the redesign of N200, N500 and N1000 notes.

With old notes mopped out of circulation and new notes unavailable in banks, citizens have been left to suffer untold hardship, queuing in banks without getting cash for their businesses and personal use.