Families in Israel have begun burying their dead after at least 45 people died in a crush at a crowded Orthodox Jewish festival overnight.

Some 150 people were also injured at the Lag B’Omer festival, near Mount Meron, when people became trapped in an overcrowded passageway.

Funerals were allowed to take place for victims who were positively identified.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu promised that an inquiry would ensure such a tragedy did not happen again.

Visiting the scene, he said it was one of the worst peacetime disasters the country had known.

One survivor who gave his name as David told Ynet news it had felt like a human wave had broken: “Our bodies were swept along by themselves. People were thrown up in the air – others were crushed on the ground.” Medics struggled to reach the injured in the ensuing chaos.

Those who died are believed to be predominantly men or boys as the crush at the largely gender-segregated event apparently happened in one of the men’s sections.

Some victims are believed to be foreign nationals. Israeli airline El Al has offered to assist family members of victims living abroad who wish to attend their loved ones’ funerals in Israel.

Sunday has been declared a national day of mourning.

How did the disaster happen?

The site includes several large gathering grounds with open-air stands and stages, connected by a network of paths. It was along one of those paths where witnesses said the crush of people began at around 01:00 local time (22:00 GMT Thursday).

Some witnesses said the incident had begun when police closed the passageway, said to be 3m (10ft) wide. Police sources told Haaretz newspaper some people had slipped on steps, causing dozens more to fall over. This was not officially confirmed.

An injured man lying on a hospital bed said a line of people in the front of the surging crowd had simply collapsed.

“A pyramid of one on top of another was formed,” the unnamed man was quoted as saying by Reuters news agency. “People were piling up one on top of the other. I was in the second row. The people in the first row – I saw people die in front of my eyes.”

Dov Maisel, director of operations for volunteer-based emergency services organisation United Hatzalah, told the BBC he had never witnessed such a scene in his 30-year career.

“It felt like a surreal scene where we had over 20 people undergoing CPR by our teams, with limited ability to evacuate from the scene, simply because the place was too overwhelmed with people,” he said.

Witnesses say a police barricade prevented people from leaving the crowded area.

Israel’s state watchdog, the State Comptroller’s office, issued warnings in 2008 and 2011 of the risk of a disaster.

Special danger was posed by access roads and paths which “are narrow and not appropriate to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of people who visit the site”, the office was quoted as saying by the New York Times.

What was different this year was that bonfire areas were partitioned off as a Covid-19 precaution and this may have created unexpected choke-points for foot traffic, Reuters reports, quoting Israeli media.

Thousands of police officers closed down the event after the crush before helping evacuate attendees.

How did the police respond?

Investigators will look into whether there was any police misconduct, the justice ministry said.

Mr Netanyahu promised a “serious” investigation that “would ensure this kind of disaster never happens again”.

Regional police chief Shimon Lavi told reporters at the scene he took upon himself “the overall responsibility, for good and for bad” and was “ready for every inspection”.

He later told AFP news agency his officers had done all they could on a “tragic night”. Other police officials told local media people had slipped in the walkway and the crush had been “out of their control”.

An unnamed police source told Haaretz the incident could not have been prevented and the police were not to blame.